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October 2010

Gettysburg Address and Powerpoint (10/27/10)

 
Last week I discussed the book, Death Sentences. It was there that I learned that my husband's cousin, Peter Norvig, Director of Research at Google, had made quite a splash some years ago with his "Satirical Gettysburg in PowerPoint." (Click on the link at the top of the webpage that I just linked to to see the 6-slide presentation.)
 
Don Watson writes in Death Sentences: "Bullet  points and slides have an appearance of truth that is largely illusory. ... The format kills the words. It doesn't work. PowerPoint, as Edward R. Tufte of Harvard says, 'allows speakers to pretend that they are ! giving a real talk and audiences to pretend that they are listening.' It is, he says, 'a prankish conspiracy against substance and thoughts,' and may even lead to a decline in cognitive abilities."
 
Peter writes in an essay in the Lancet,
 
"Design your presentations and your meetings to take advantage of the people gathered there, not to bore them. If everyone has set their remarks in stone ahead of time (all using the same templates) then there is little room for the comments of one to build on another, or for a new idea to arise collaboratively from the meeting.
 
Homogeneity is great for milk, but not for ideas. Use visual aids to convey visual information: photographs, charts, or diagrams. But do not use them to give the impression that the matter is solved, wrapped up in a few bullet points." 
 
Enough said. I'll stop beating this dead horse and change the topic next week.
 

Death Sentences (10/20/10)

 
This may be a somewhat misleading header, but it really is the name of the book I am currently reading. Full disclosure as to the title—Death Sentences: How Clichés, Weasel Words, and Management-Speak Are Strangling Public Language. The author is Australian Don Watson and I first learned of him via a Fora.TV podcast that you can find on YouTube. The original Fora.TV version is one hour (I haven't seen it) a! nd features another speaker; YouTube's is three minutes.
 
I think this book will give me fodder for several emails. Here's a quote from the jacket.
 
"When was the last time you heard a politician use words that rang with truth and meaning? Do your eyes glaze over when you read a letter from your bank or insurance company addressing you as a valued customer? Does your mind shut down when your employer starts talking about making a commitment going forwards or enhancing your key competencies? Are you enervated by in terms of, irritated by impactful, infuriated by downsizing, rightsizing, decruiting, and dejobbing? Does business process re-engineering and attriting fail to give you ramp-up—in terms of your personal lifestyle?"
 
[Personal note: my son, the politician, does use words that ring with truth and meaning.] I think the book mainly consists of similar diatribes, with lots of real-world examples. For me, it's an embarrassment of riches and I'm like a pig in ****. (Watson actually sees values in some uses of clichés). As you will probably read here in greater detail in future weeks, he thinks the Irish may be the saviors of the English language, he hates deplane, he has wonderful quotes*, and he disdains PowerPoint (by referring to a spoof by a cousin of my husband—more on this one next week). 
 
*Just one, I can't resist. "Some children are not getting onto a growth trajectory as early as they should in terms of literacy."—Chair of the Australian National Literacy Review.
 
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Un- or de- (10/13/10)

 
Facebook and I don't take to each other very well. I'm curious if it's my computer programming background, my age, and/or my personality. Whatever ... CHICLE Language Institute has a Facebook page and we hope you'll all become fans of us there. However, it turns out that to have a business page, you need to have a personal page from which to set it up. An intern set us up one and called it CHICLE Staff. About two dozen people friended us at that page (Thank You!) instead of our business page because when you search for CHICLE, they both show up. How to shift them? Turns out you can't change the name of the personal page and you can't "unpublish" it. You have to close it to all but friends and then unfriend your inadvertent friends.
 
But I wanted to defriend them. I had no idea why that sounded better to me. I had recently deplaned, remembering how nutty I thought that word was the first hundred times I heard it. So, what could be easier than googling de- and un- and finding out the difference. Long story but all I came up with was a very obsure linguistic article titled A Synchronic Semantic Analysis of De- and Un- in American English, by Edna Andrews, published in American Speech, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 221-232.
 
The first page is visible on the Jstor website. First sentence: "Semantic analyses of the English prefixes have either tended to discuss the diachronic development of each prefix, or they have treated each morpheme as representing semantically distinct prefixes (cf. un(1)-[reversive], un(2)-[negative])."
 
Luckily, for all of us non-linguists, her conclusion is a little more clear. Un- is used to state that a quality doesn't exist but it needn't to have existed. She uses unpressed pants as an example. It makes sense whether or not the pants were pressed in the past. De-, however, does undo (sic) something. You defrost something that was frosted. She also talks about deformed and unformed.
 
Okay -- you don't plane and it seems to me that you don't unfriend someone unless they have friended you. Which probably implies that I didn't understand the article, of which I am certain, and definitely indicates that I'm extremely glad that I don't have to teach English learners the difference between de- and un-. For that we rely on our excellent ESL teachers.
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James Joyce (10/6/10)

 
I'm still in Ireland mode so I wanted to let you all know that James Joyce made his living teaching English at Berlitz. I suppose he was more famous for some other things but here are a few language-oriented biographical tidbits. I got them from his Wikipedia bio, which is quite interesting.
 
"Around [age 5] Joyce was attacked by a dog, which engendered in him a lifelong cynophobia. He also suffered from keraunophobia, as his deeply religious aunt had described thunderstorms to him as a sign of God's wrath." [See below.]
 
... He later enrolled at the recently established University College Dublin (UCD) in 1898, studying English, French, and Italian. 
 
... After [his mother's] death he continued to drink heavily, and conditions at home grew quite appalling. He scraped a living reviewing books, teaching and singing—he was an accomplished tenor, and won [a] bronze medal in 1904. 
 
... Joyce and Nora went into self-imposed exile, moving first to Zürich, where he had supposedly acquired a post to teach English at the Berlitz Language School through an agent in England. It turned out that the English agent had been swindled, but the director of the school sent him on to Trieste, which was part of Austria-Hungary until World War I (today part of Italy). Once again, he found there was no position for him, but with the help of Almidano Artifoni, director of the Trieste Berlitz school, he finally secured a teaching position in Pola, then also part of Austria-Hungary (today part of Croatia). He stayed there, teaching English mainly to Austro-Hungarian naval officers stationed at the Pola base, from October 1904 until March 1905, when the Austrians—having discovered an espionage ring in the city—expelled all aliens. With Artifoni's help, he moved back to Trieste and began teaching English there. He would remain in Trieste for most of the next ! ten years.
 
... Joyce concocted a number of money-making schemes during this period, including an attempt to become a cinema magnate in Dublin. He also frequently discussed but ultimately abandoned a plan to import Irish tweeds to Trieste. His skill at borrowing money saved him from indigence. What income he had came partially from his position at the Berlitz school and partially from teaching private students."
 
Definition 1 from Wikipedia:
"Cynophobia is the abnormal fear of dogs. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype "animal phobias". According to Dr. Timothy O. Rentz of the Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders at the University of Texas, animal phobias are among the most common of the specific phobias and 36% of patients who seek treatment report being afraid of dogs or cats. Although snakes and spiders are more common animal phobias, cynophobia is especially debilitating because of the high prevalence of dogs in the United States (estimated at over 62 million in 2003)."
 
Definition 2 from Wikipedia: "
Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning, a type of specific phobia. It is a treatable phobia that both humans and animals can develop. 
 
A person with astraphobia will often feel anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal. Some symptoms are those accompanied with many phobias, such as trembling, crying, sweating, panic attacks, the feeling of dread, and rapid heartbeat. However, there are some reactions that are unique to astraphobia. For instance, reassurance from other people is usually sought, and symptoms worsen when alone. Many people who have astraphobia will look for extra shelter from the storm. They might hide underneath a bed, under the covers, in a closet, in a basement, or any other space where they feel safer. Efforts are usually made to smother the sound of the thunder; the person may cover their ears or curtain the windows." 
 
I'm reading Dubiners just now, which he wrote in his twenties. I had forgotten how wonderfully crafted each sentence is! What an English teacher he must have been.

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